"Iranian Revolution." Cleveland Museum of Art. Torture, public murder, refugees, exile, political nightmares, and revolution. By the mid-20th century, the world had seen a number of revolutions. People were fairly confident that they understood the recipe for revolution: take a dissatisfied peasantry, add an oppressive aristocracy, then toss in some agitated military generals and a military conflict, and shake violently. The White Review. This lead to an aggressive “cultural reconstruction” that attempted to eradicate many artists from Iran’s music scene. However, the definitive overthrow of the monarchy began in earnest in October 1977 with the death of Ayatollah Khomeini’s son, Mostafa, rumored to have been assassinated by security services. Accessed April 02, 2019. https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/10-contemporary-and-modern-iranian-artists-you-should-know/. Iran Culture (Pre-Islamic Revolution) =) Describe some major iranian movies, including there plot and directors In 1930 the first iranian slient film was made by proffessor ( Ovanes Ohanian) called Hawii Agha. Though the international outcry led to his release, the ban was upheld. Neshat, Shirin. These are all things included in the history of Iran, a Middle Eastern country that had been in turmoil for centuries. “Iranian Revolution.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Bekhrad, Joobin. You can change your subscription preferences or unsubscribe at any time. Accessed April 15, 2019. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sherin-neshat-artist-of-t_b_802050. This was after his news broke about a proposed documentary on the 2009 post-election unrest. New amendments to Iran’s Islamic Penal Code will empower authorities to further choke free expression and target religious and ethnic minorities, while providing fertile ground for arbitrary arrests and detentions, says ARTICLE 19. December 07, 2017. Arrests and executions of political prisoners became more and more common place throughout the 70s. https://ifex.org/irans-1979-islamic-revolution-and-the-evolution-of-art We invite you to contact [email protected] to request permission to reproduce or republish in whole or in part content from this site. The main plot of the movie is about a traditional man who holds a Each locality prides itself on a special design and quality of carpet that bears its name, such as Kāshān, Kermān, Khorāsān, Eṣfahān, Shīrāz, Tabrīz, and Qom. Post-Khomeini, this cultural policy has been maintained to differing intensities. A revolution erupts August 19. This Is Not a Film was Panahi’s response to his ban. The streets continue to be dressed in political graffiti, the cinemas full of symbolic dissent and the music echoing the outcry of the masses. “10 Contemporary and Modern Iranian Artists You Should Know.” Culture Trip. Facing imprisonment in Iran for his journalism, the Committee to Protect Journalists calls on Turkish authorities to conduct an expedited review of Iranian journalist Mohamed Mosaed’s request for asylum. IFEX will not share, disclose or otherwise provide your data to any outside organisation. Accessed April 02, 2019. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/irnv/hd_irnv.htm. “Untitled Turbulent Series Diptych by ShirinNeshat.” Untitled Turbulent Series Diptych by Shirin Neshat on Artnet. But this system of communication has become very Iranian.” Another art piece of Shirin Neshat’s that explains Iranian culture and how their society works is Fervor which was created in 2000. https://gladstonegallery.com/artist/shirin-neshat#&panel1-1, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iranian-Revolution-of-1978-1979, http://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/no-one-gets-alive-kaveh-golestans-prostitutes-series/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Iran, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sherin-neshat-artist-of-t_b_802050, https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/10-contemporary-and-modern-iranian-artists-you-should-know/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveh_Golestan, http://www.artnet.com/artists/shirin-neshat/untitled-turbulent-series-diptych-gGnaoI6e3bXMTLkPTfa0Cw2, https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/irnv/hd_irnv.htm, Afary, Janet. Kaveh Golestan was alive from 1950-2003 and he documented the changing society of Iran through photography. In 1979, the Shah and his family fled Iran which ended the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79, and the end of the monarchical politics in Iran. Wikipedia. Promises and proclamations that freedom of artistic expression will be protected in Iran have been broken over and over. Wikipedia. This refers to existing laws that permit repressive policies towards freedom of expression. Before the victory of the revolution, these chants were made by various political supporters, and many of them were recorded on cassette tapes in underground and home studios. Once again we are faced with Rouhani’s mixed messages on artistic freedom. However, the definitive overthrow of the monarchy began in earnest in October 1977 with the death of Ayatollah Khomeini’s son, Mostafa, rumored to have been assassinated by security services. To him, the quagmire of the Iranian music scene is fading into the darkness of censorship. Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in 1978–79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. The first was from 1979 till the end of the (Iran-Iraq) war. CANADA However, the causes of revolutionary discontent can be traced back decades, and must first be analyzed. A band practice in secret as 'rock music' is banned. However, this draft is not the good news human rights defenders have been waiting for. In an attempt to avoid Western hegemony, Ayatollah Khomeini condemned all music deemed to be influenced by “foreigners”. It has been debated by various scholars after the publication of Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism (which posed similar questions), was the Saqqakhaneh movement affected by the postcolonial view of Iran or rather, did it intensify Orientalism. Nossel covers a number of topics, including the larger ramifications of the news media’s coverage of President Trump and the importance for the media to stop using this coverage as a bait for ratings. As he becomes more involved in the events of the Revolution, Reza is forced to make decisions in order to survive. Accessed April 15, 2019. http://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/no-one-gets-alive-kaveh-golestans-prostitutes-series/. Iranian musicians need support more than ever, he adds. “Culture of Iran.” Wikipedia. They have a 100% of our support. Art has been born through their struggles, and in this chapter there will be information on what caused and ended the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79 and how it affected artist’s work in Iran after the end of the revolution. Martial law is declared in Isfahan. Iran - Iran - The arts: Carpet looms dot the country. Rooney, Julia, and Maryam Ekhtiar. November 24, 2017. The World of Fan-Art: Fan Art as a Contemporary Art Form, 7. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. IFEX publishes original and member-produced free expression news and reports. | Privacy Policy, Iran’s 1979 Islamic revolution and the evolution of art, IFEX - The global network defending and promoting free expression, IFEX Strategy Conference and General Meeting, Aruba, Curacao & Saint Martin (Netherlands), interfere in the affairs of artists and cultural figures, Rouhani’s mixed messages on artistic freedom, Iran amends law to further stifle freedom of expression, Iranian journalist Mohamed Mosaed requests asylum in Turkey, On leaving Trump behind and free speech among the young: Interview with PEN CEO Suzanne Nossel. Women were banned from singing in public and payment of musicians was made illegal. Opening Contemporary Art Copyright © by Sarah Parrish. Many musicians, such as Arya Aramnjad, were arrested for their protest music after the 2009 election unrest. We should note that the clampdown on FoE did not start with the Islamic Revolution. March 28, 2019. “Fervor.” Cleveland Museum of Art. 1 Art After the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 INTRODUCTION. "No One Here Gets Out Alive: Kaveh Golestan's 'Prostitutes' Series." Below there are two stills taken from Shirin Neshat’s videos that are an example of what was talked about previously. Cafes became heavily regulated and cabarets were shut down. This statement was originally published by article19.org‘s Azad Tribune on 13 February 2015. Many circumvent the blades of censorship through heavy use of metaphors, symbolism and a trust in the Iranian viewers ability to decode their messages. While the Khahtami era (elected 1997) led to the encouragement of cultural and economic liberalisation, the Ahmadinejad rule continued to echo Khomeini’s orthodox views. Golestan was the first person to take pictures from the aftermath of the Halabja Chemical attack, which was a massacre in 1988 that killed Kurdish people in Iraq. As quoted from Shirin Neshat herself, “Magical realism allows an artist like myself to inject layers of meaning without being obvious. Yet the reality on the ground has been somewhat different. Von der Besetzung durch britische und sowjetische Truppen und die Revolution 1979, den Irak-Iran-Krieg, den Tod des Revolutionsführers Chomeini und die Reformbewegung 2009 über Präsidenten wie Rafsandschani, Ahmadinedschad und Rouhani bis hin zur internationalen Nuklearvereinbarung von 2015: ein Überblick über die Geschichte Irans von 1941 bis 2020. In the 1970s, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the current Shah, had already launched the White Revolution which caused economic growth but the growth of the economy was not spread evenly throughout the country which caused disrupt. Art meets Politics: Iranian Revolution poster art on display by Kyle Sherard, Mountain Xpress There are roughly 200 connections between Asheville and the Iranian Revolution of 1979. These years saw a rampant increase in dissent through art that hadn’t been seen in Iran since the 1979 Revolution. 11 February marked the 36th anniversary of the 1979 Islamic revolution. The 1979 Iranian Revolution was in many respects the culmination of repeated attempts throughout the twentieth century to install a democratic government in Iran. After bearing witness to the revolution and taking artistic photographs of it, more of his photography work continued to follow war-like situations. Thirty years on, the return of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the ensuing Iranian Revolution looms as perhaps the central event of the late-twentieth-century world. This is another videography piece, and was created “to expose and challenge the role of gender in the creation of power structures and social values” (Cleveland Museum of Art. "Years Leading to the Iranian Revolution, 1960–79." Iranians are constantly trying to find gaps in the law.” For example, the perilous tunnels of Iran’s underground art scene is one creative arena that is flourishing like never before. Skateboarding and its Influence on Contemporary Culture, III. Only now, writes Rose Issa, after years of war and religious restriction, is it blossoming. Other prominent directors have left the country to escape the Islamic Republic’s controls, leading to a ‘culture drain’ in Iran. It just so happens that one of the largest privately held collections of posters from the Iranian Revolution, nearly 200 in number, resides here in Asheville. Get the latest free expression news delivered straight to your inbox. Yet, the art war continues. Neshat comments on femininity versus masculinity in her video Turbulent created in 1998. Accessed March 31, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/event/Iranian-Revolution-of-1978-1979. “Kaveh Golestan.” Wikipedia. Shirin Neshat, a well-known contemporary artist originally from Iran, has lived outside of Iran ever since the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79. Cross-generational Iranian expatriates flocked to Iran Inside Out at the Chelsea Art Museum in New York in 2009, the first group exhibition of Iranian artists held in the US since the revolution. Prior to the Islamic Revolution, censorship of anything deemed political and anti-monarchical was widespread. 1. In this video she compares how men are treated in Iran versus women in a dichotomous display (dichotomy is two starkly contrasted things) on a 2-channel movie screen. January 01, 1998. Site by Wholegrain Digital Yet the story of modern art in Iran would be incomplete if I didn’t mention its collapse under the weight of the Islamic Revolution. In 2010, Jafar Panahi was sentenced to six years in prison and a 20-year ban on film-making for national security and on propaganda charges against the state. Beginning in 1978, large … But, the Shah position was restored to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi by the U.K. and with the help of the United State’s C.I.A. Every year, on this day, Iran’s official news outlets report of street celebrations attended by millions – waving flags and singing songs of 22 Bahman propaganda. “No One Here Gets Out Alive: Kaveh Golestan’s ‘Prostitutes’ Series.” The White Review. The City Many students were killed by the government which sparked off nationwide protests concentrated in religious institutions. Iran: Revolution and the Evolution of Art. This weapon is most avidly utilised in the cinema of Iran. Influence vs Imitation. Since Golestan was born and raised in Tehran with his family, he was inspired by the surroundings and lifestyle of Iranians, along with his father who outwardly spoke against the Shah during the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79. Iran, 30 Years After The Revolution It's been 30 years since the Islamic revolution in Iran. Guaranteed revolution. Esfandiari, Sahar. Iranian revolutionary songs are epic ballads that composed during the Islamic Revolution in Iran in support of the revolution and opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty. April 30, 2019. With regards to freedom of artistic expression, Article 3, Section 28 – 30 highlight rights owed to citizens and obligations of the state. Large-Scale Interactive Installations, V. The sincerest form of flattery? Posted on February 13, 2015 Civic Space 7 min read Share: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn. Die Islamische Revolution (persisch انقلاب اسلامی Enqelāb-e Eslāmi), von säkularen Gruppierungen auch als „Iranische Revolution“ bezeichnet, war eine vielschichtige Bewegung, die 1979 zur Absetzung von Schah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi und zur Beendigung der Monarchie im Iran führte. Reza Shirazi, an aspiring photojournalist, who returns to Iran amidst the Iranian Revolution. In Iran, there was help to form a monarchy established from the U.K. with Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1921 after the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11. This combination of broad religious appeal and more directed nationalism made posters a particularly effective medium in the late 1970s and ’80s. Thus, the benefits of the Iranian ART revolution are mixed: although many Iranian women have been able to overcome their infertility through ARTs, not all women’s lives are improved by these technologies. The Iranian Revolution occurred between 1977 and 1979, beginning with a series of demonstrations and ending with the overthrow of the Shah. No, really. The documentaries, films, music and other forms of Iranian art shown during this period will not, however, reflect Iran’s culling of its artistic community. The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution, was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The violence caused more protests, and more deaths brought on by the government regime. Iranian musician Ardeshir Jofreh, a member of a band called “Accolade,” performs in an unauthorized stage performance in Tehran, Iran (25 January 2013), AP Photo/Vahid Salemi. Accessed April 15, 2019. http://www.kavehgolestan.org/#/page/1. (Afary, Janet, Iranian Revolution.[1]). Accessed April 15, 2019. http://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/no-one-gets-alive-kaveh-golestans-prostitutes-series/. An Iranian musician who prefers to remain anonymous told Azad Tribune that there’s a vacuum of knowledge — and a lack of interest — in the West about the dire situation facing musicians in Iran. This homemade film was smuggled out of Iran on a USB hidden in a cake; it wowed film festivals worldwide. In regards to artwork, a lot of Iranians were inspired to create art: “The art coming out of Iran from the 1960s to the 1980s is one of transition. The Iranian Revolution changed Iran in many ways, especially in the day-to-day lives of its citizens. This can be seen through Iranian artist’s work and felt through feelings of homelessness, exile, and through their nomadic lifestyles. Reza Shah (A Shah is the name of the monarch position in Iran) did not like this, which caused the U.K. to remove him from his place as monarch and put his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in place of him who in turn did whatever Britain told him. One of the most effective ways of creating art during the revolution was photography, even though, or possibly even because, photography and video were officially censored during the revolution (Rooney, Ekhtiar, Years Leading to the Iranian Revolution 1960-79[3]). The formative years of the modern art movement in Iran are largely rooted in the 1940s-1950s. HAVE A NICE DAY. “THE PHOTOGRAPHY OF.” The Photography of Kaveh Golestan. "Kaveh Golestan." Some member content has been edited by IFEX. The 1979 Iranian Revolution was in many respects the culmination of repeated attempts throughout the twentieth century to install a democratic government in Iran. “Shirin Neshat: Artist of the Decade.” HuffPost. Causes of the Revolution Discontent with the Pahlavi Rule Exile of Ayatollah Khomeini Social Injustices (Violations against the "Iranian Constitution of 1906") The City of Tabriz: February 1987 congratulations! The Shiraz Art Festival is cancelled and an estimated 100 are killed. Mexico had one in 1910, China a few years later, Russia in 1917, Germany just after that, and on and on and on. Rooney, Julia, and Maryam Ekhtiar. In addition, the lives of all those who were a part of the shah’s regime and of their families were also transformed. In 1953, Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammad Mosaddeq, ousted the son Mohammad Reza from his position of monarch and nationalized the oil that was being taken from them by Britain. In 1997, I returned to Iran after 32 years to attend a seminar on women and film. May 2016. March 28, 2019. Iranian TV channels broadcast state-approved traditional music and documentaries to remind Iranians of the unity and durability of the country through 36 years of self-proclaimed resistance against intruding outside forces. Afary, Janet. Accessed April 15, 2019. http://www.artnet.com/artists/shirin-neshat/untitled-turbulent-series-diptych-gGnaoI6e3bXMTLkPTfa0Cw2. Later in the year of 1978, government and oil workers went on strike, and a scholar named Khomeini (who was banned from Iran because of the current Shah due to his strong following of protesters) came back to Iran and demanded the Shah to leave his position. We use both persistent and session cookies on our website to be sure promotions are not re-displayed to users who have already seen them. Accessed April 15, 2019. http://www.clevelandart.org/art/2016.59. We also use cookies set by a third party analytics service to measure traffic and collect statistics about users’ devices and browsers. To ensure you receive our newsletters, add [email protected] to your safe senders list. As for the changes in Iranian art after the revolution “There were three different periods after the revolution. Accessed May 02, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Iran. Artists are seen as a “suspect group” that can be targeted at any point. Over the past three and a half decades, Iran’s music has changed drastically. In American culture, where there is freedom of expression, this approach may seem forced, unnecessary and misunderstood. Iran’s turbulent political history is no match for the development of an innovative contemporary art scene. For more of Shirin Neshat’s work, please visit https://gladstonegallery.com/artist/shirin-neshat#&panel1-1. April 30, 2019. Metmuseum.org. The government ended up killing a lot of the protesters and those who tried to escape the country, which started the Iranian Revolution. The handwoven-cloth industry has survived stiff competition from modern textile mills. Art After the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979, 3. This move shows a promising step in the right direction. Iranian Cinema & Performance Art: Iranian Cinema: Art, Society and the State By: Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Summer 2001 Following the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the inauguration of the Islamic Republic, many predicted that new restrictions would kill off Iran's cinema.But Iranian film has survived, undergoing remarkable transformations in parallel with the wider changes in Iranian culture and society. She is best known for her photography and videography which comments predominantly on exile, identity, and Iranian society, but she had stopped making art when she escaped Iran, and she only started creating again when she went back to visit in the early 1990’s. Rouhani promised Iranians to bring about an atmosphere of free expression. The Shah began to get sick from cancer and growing extremely paranoid in 1978 from believing and knowing that the protests were a national conspiracy against him. Many noted certain improvements for musicians (especially compared to 2008’s music black-out) during the Rouhani administration, including permission for some women to partake in certain public solo performances. Its heterogeneity reflects the range of societal conditions at the time: political discontent coupled with patriotism; secularism contrasted to religious fervor; the increasing disparity between rich and poor” (Rooney, Ekhtiar, Years Leading to the Iranian Revolution 1960-79[2]). The death of the Persian painter Kamal al Molk in 1940 signified the beginning of a move away from the rigidity of academic painting styles, and led to the creation of artist groups keen on developing a uniquely Iranian modern style of art. He pledged to reduce censorship of artistic and cultural works. Demonstrations began in January of 1978 with religious students who were protesting a slanderous article with criticism against Khomeini published by a Tehran newspaper. Because of this particularly bloody revolution, artists who had been exiled or chose to leave the country would return and learn that home was no longer a place, and more so a feeling. Director: Navid Khonsari | Stars: Navid Negahban, Bobby … Freedom of artistic expression is being forced upon the un-willing Iranian regime through the stealthy tactics of Iran’s creative minds. Accessed May 02, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Iran. (Kaveh Golestan, Wikipedia[5]) Below is one of Golestan’s photos from the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79 which shows the passion of the people resisting the Shah rule. “Years Leading to the Iranian Revolution, 1960–79.” Metmuseum.org. The permissibility of music has been contested in Iran since the onset of Islam in the seventh century AD when Muhammad passed and his companions sought to keep men's minds away from malahi (forbidden pleasures): wine, women and song. Bekhrad, Joobin. Creativity has become their chosen weapon. Last February, Rouhani proposed his Draft Citizenship Rights Charter. The total deconstruction of the Pahlavi reign’s overzealous attempts to Westernise Iran lead to a more defiant and variant artistic community – an unexpected byproduct. Iranian contemporary artists – many of whom have had to move out of the country due to the Islamic Revolution – have found ways to bridge their rich traditional cultural heritage with modern multidisciplinary practices. Although the lives of men were also affected, the lives of women changed most drastically due to many laws taking their rights away. The Islamic Revolution of 1979 brought seismic changes to Iran, not least for women. Socio-political repression from the Shah’s control was increasing, and no protests were accepted and political abilities of the public were taken away, and those who still performed political protest were censored, heavily surveilled, and even tortured. The Iranian Revolution Of 1979 : The Picture Show The recent unrest in Iran harkens back to the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Both the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) and the Revolution prompted development in the graphic arts, as powerful posters were created to galvanize national support and to commemorate the lives lost. Eventually, Britain made an oil company in the land of Iran which caused an uproar from people of all classes in Iran. KARACHI: A three-day Iranian cultural exhibition began at the Arts Council of Pakistan Karachi’s Ahmed Pervaiz Gallery on Tuesday evening to mark the 42nd anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. Wednesday 11 February marked the 36th anniversary of the 1979 Islamic revolution. The Iranian civil law emphasizes that family is a warm and placid institute founded upon the authority of the husband and the father. Accessed March 31, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/event/Iranian-Revolution-of-1978-1979. Just as Iran's contemporary art scene was taking off, it was stifled by the Islamic revolution. March 14, 2019. The Iranian revolution by 1979 halted the dynamics of the Iranian arts scene. Denson, G. Roger, and G. Roger Denson. As Saeed Kamali Dehghan notes, Rouhani preached that the state must provide security rather than interfere in the affairs of artists and cultural figures. Protests s… Contemporary Mexican American Art: Themes and Intentions, 11. From the arrests of the “Happy Dancers” for their YouTube video, to the arrest of BargMusic managers for their music distribution website, Rouhani’s promises do not seem to be transpiring as one would have hoped. Accessed April 15, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveh_Golestan. All Rights Reserved.